医学英语选择题题库

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1、Wear rubber gloves while chopping chillies as they can______ the skin. ( )

reverse

irritate （√）

waft

liberate

2、Chronic bronchitis, a more serious condition, is a constant ________ or inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, often due to smoking.( )

protrusion

invasion

irritation （正确选项）

filtration

3、Your risk of developing bronchitis is greater if you work around certain lung_______, such as grains or textiles, or are exposed to chemical fumes.( )

tumor

irritants （√）

pollution

inflammation

4、________ phones are inherently insecure, as any one can listen to and record conversations.( )

Cellular （正确答案）

tonsillar

alveolar

molecular

5、South Africa was going through a period of ____________change.( )

irreversible （正确答案）

fatal

lethal

irritable

6、___________ is an inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from your lungs. ( )

Bronchitis （√）

tracheitis

laryngitis

pharyngitis

7、The ______ passage is the natural conduct for directing air into the lungs during breathing at rest and is largely responsible for filtering, warming and humidifying the inspired air.( )

nasal （正确答案）

urinary

bronchiole

pulmonary

8、The nasal cavity is divided into two sides by the nasal septum, the divider that creates the left and right ______. ( )

tonsil

nostril （正确答案）

palate

adenoid

9、When a person breathes through his or her nose, the air is warmed and humidified on its way from the nostrils to the throat、 particles are filtered out by the mucosal surface, and thereby prevented from reaching the lungs. ( )

Airborne （正确选项）

Bloodborne

Interspersed

Embedded

10、Your ____________ is the tube in your body that carries air into your lungs when you breathe、 It is a nontechnical name for trachea. ( )

foodpipe

windpipe （正确答案）

esophagus

epiglottis

11、A sore throat is one of the most common names for an inflamed________, and this is usually relatively minor.( )

trachea

pharynx （正确选项）

bronchiole

alveolus

12、The pharyngeal tonsil is a mass of lymphoid tissue commonly known as the _____.( )

adenoid （正确答案）

cartilage

esophagus

epiglottis

13、The ________ is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the lungs when swallowing.( )

adenoid

cartilage

esophagus

epiglottis （正确答案）

14、When the _____ become infected numerous times, they are sometimes removed to prevent future incidences and chances for spread.( )

tonsils （正确答案）

nostrils

palates

adenoids

15、The trachea is composed of 16 to 20 C-shaped rings of ___________ connected by ligaments, with a C-lined mucous membrane.( )

adenoid

cartilage （正确答案）

esophagus

epiglottis

16、Which of the following glands is not a salivary gland?( )

parotidgland

sublingual gland

submandibular gland

thyroid gland （√）

17、Which of the following statements about the respiratory system is NOT true? ( )

The respiratory system consists of organs that deliver oxygen to the circulatory system.

The respiratory system aids in getting rid of carbon dioxide.

The respiratory system determines the production of speech. （√）

The respiratory system helps regulate the balance of acid and base in tissues.

18、The following statements are the functions of the pharynx EXCEPT that it___. ( )

removes impurities from the air.

contains the tonsils preventing the organisms from moving further into the body.

serves as an air passage.

prevents food and fluid from entering the air passage. （正确答案）

19、Which of the following statements about the larynx is NOT correct? ( )

The larynx can transport air to the trachea.

The larynxplays important roles in speaking.

The larynx can be affected to initiate a cough reflex.

The larynx cannot help filter air. （√）

20、When will a person meet with a life-threatening situation? ( )

When the cough reflex in his larynx does not work. （正确选项）

When his respiratory system is interrupted.

When there is a protrusion in the cartilage visible on his neck.

When he swallows airborne particles.

21、Functionally cardiac muscle and smooth muscle are similar, so cardiac muscle is ______. Anatomically though, cardiac muscle more closely resembles skeletal muscle( )

involuntary （正确答案）

voluntary

peristaltic

striated

22、Between the atria and ventricles are atrioventricular valves, the right one is called ________. ( )

bicuspid valve

mitral valve

aortic valve

tricuspid valve （√）

23、Between the right atrium and right ventricle is __________, overlapping layers of tissue that allow blood to flow only in one direction( )

bicuspid valve

aortic valve

tricuspid valve （正确选项）

pulmonary valve

24、Present in cardiac muscle are intercalated discs, which are connections between two ____________ cardiac cells.( )

adjacent （正确选项）

proximal

distal

inferior

25、____________ veins are swollen and painful veins in a person’s legs, that sometimes require a medical operation. ( )

Spiral

Varicose （√）

Occluded

Overlapped

26、In _______ bypass surgery, doctors use a healthy blood vessel, often one taken from the upper thigh, to reroute blood flow around a clogged heart artery. ( )

radial artery

coronary artery （正确答案）

pulmonary artery

aortic artery

27、The walls of heart chambers are made of a special muscle called _________, which contracts continuously and rhythmically to pump blood. ( )

pericardium

endocardium

epicardium

myocardium （正确选项）

28、The ___________ is the normal electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles where electrical impulses are delayed for a fraction of a second to allow the lower chambers to fill completely with blood. ( )

atrioventricular node （正确答案）

sinoatrial node

heart apex

septum

29、The _____ is the “natural” pacemaker of the heart; the node is specialized cells in the top right atrium which produces the electrical impulses that travel down to eventually reach the ventricular muscle allowing the heart to contract. ( )

atrioventricular node

sinoatrial node （√）

heart apex

septum

30、A ________ is an instrument used in auscultation to convey sounds in the chest or other parts of the body to the ear of the examiner. ( )

microscope

endoscope

stethoscope （√）

telescope

31、The SA node is located in the wall of the right atrium, near the ___________ of the atrium and the superior vena cava.( )

junction （正确选项）

contraction

constriction

transaction

32、A _______ refers to excessive bleeding or to minor bleeding in an important body part.( )

hemostasis

homeostasis

hemopoiesis

hemorrhage （正确选项）

33、Blood can be grouped into four types according to the presence or absence of certain __________ producing antibodies that cause agglutination.( )

protein

lipid

antigen （正确选项）

amino acid

34、In a hypertonic plasma the red blood cells shrink as a result of water leaving the cell body. This shrinkage is called .( )

sedimentation

crenation （正确选项）

suspension

coagulation

35、The white cells pass through the capillary walls and infiltrate the infected tissue by a process called _______.( )

phagocytosis

epiphysis

diaphysis

diapedesis （√）

36、All blood cells begin as ___________, also called stem cells ( )

hemocytoblasts （正确答案）

erthyroblasts

osteoclasts

osteoblasts

37、A _____ is used to count the number of erythyrocytes in a cubic millimeter of blood. ( )

hematocrit

centrifuge

hemacytometer （√）

hemostat

38、Which of the following roots refers to the blood vessel?( )

vaso （正确选项）

ganglio

sympath

parasympath

39、The major function of erythrocytes is to carry oxygen to cells、 This oxygen is bound to an iron-containing pigment within the cells called .( )

hemoglobin （正确选项）

albumin

clotting factors

antibodies

40、The blood helps to maintain ______ by regulating PH, tissue water content, body temperature and by protecting the body through phagocytosis, coagulation, and production of antibodies. ( )

hemostasis

coprostasis

metastasis

homeostasis （√）

41、The job of the digestive system is to break down the foods and liquids we ______ into very tiny parts so that the cells in the body can use them for energy. ( )

digest

ingest （√）

inhale

exhale

42、When a person eats food, the body has to convert that food into molecule chains that can be converted to energy and raw _________.( )

nutrients （√）

amino acids

proteins

hydrochloric acids

43、The human digestive system controls the distribution of nutrients and energy in the body by subjecting the food to chemical reactions as it travels through the _____( )

respiratory tract

intestinal tract

digestive tract （√）

anal tract

44、The process of digestion starts in the mouth, with __________ moistening and breaking down food into manageable chunks ( )

saliva （正确答案）

enzymes

mucous

gastric juice

45、The stomach is the first part of the structure of the digestive system, consisting of a _________ hollow sac located just below the diaphragm and ribcage. ( )

vascular

muscular （正确选项）

resilient

brittle

46、The stomach is separated from the esophagus and the small intestine by the esophageal sphincter and the ________ sphincter respectively. ( )

pyloric （√）

gastric

pancreatic

salivary

47、A film of mucus covers the lining of the stomach to protect the walls of the stomach against ________ acid that breaks the food down.( )

gastric

hydrochloric （正确选项）

amino

organic

48、The small intestine does most of the work of chemical digestion via enzymes secreted by the ________.( )

liver

gall bladder

pancreas （正确答案）

salivary glands

49、Proteins break down into amino acids, fats break down into glycerol, and carbohydrates break down into ________ and other sugars. ( )

maltose

glucose （正确答案）

lactose

adipose

50、The interior wall of the small intestine contains finger-like folds of tissue called ________, which catch food molecules and pass them into exterior capillaries and then to larger blood vessels. ( )

bronchi

fungi

cilia

villi （√）

51、Which of the following is not a part of small intestines?( )

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

cecum （√）

52、Through the action of ptyalin, _________, the saliva begins process of chemically breaking downthe food into simpler compounds. ( )

pepsinogen

salivary amylase （√）

hydrochloric acid

pancreatic juice

53、The largest salivary gland which is located in front of the ear is the _____ gland.( )

adrenal

pineal

parotid （√）

thymus

54、There are three salivary glands, the largest is called the _____ because it is located in front of the ear. ( )

sublingual

submandibular

parotid （√）

bolus

55、When the food mass descends into the oropharyngeal canal, the ______ will cover the larynx, which prevent the food from entering trachea. ( )

hard palate

peristalsis

cardiac sphincter valve

epiglottis （正确选项）

56、The digestive system is also called the _______ tract. ( )

alimentary （正确答案）

absorptive

accessory

peristaltic

57、Two main functions are performed by digestive system: digestion and ______.( )

absorption （正确选项）

filtration

secretion

excretion

58、The portion of the stomach that protrudes above the gastroesophageal junction is called the _______( )

fundus （正确选项）

pylorus

alveolus

anus

59、__________ is a process that converts amino acids or fatty acids to glucose and that is performed mainly by liver cells.( )

Coagulation

Gluconeogenesis （√）

hyperthyroidism

phagocytosis

60、When the food arrives at the entrance to the stomach, it passes through a sphincterlike valve called ________. ( )

pyloric sphincter valve

bicuspid

tricuspid

cardiac sphincter valve （√）

61、It is in the descending portion of the ___________ that the secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are mixed with the chyme.( )

jejunum

rectum

duodenum （正确选项）

cecum

62、The ________ is the organ into which the swallowed food is pushed。It connects the throat above with the stomach below. ( )

esophagus （正确选项）

larynx

pharynx

trachea

63、Several enzymes from the pancreatic juice and lining of the intestine carry out the breakdown of huge _______ molecules into small molecules called amino acids. ( )

carbohydrates

vitamins

proteins （√）

lipids

64、Starch is digested in two steps、 First, an enzyme in the saliva and juice breaks the starch into molecules called maltose. Then an enzyme in the lining of the small intestine splits the maltose into glucose molecules that can be absorbed into the blood. ( )

gastric

pancreatic （正确选项）

splenic

hepatic

65、The bile acids produced by the liver act as natural ________ to dissolve fat in water and allow the enzymes to break the large fat molecules into smaller molecules, some of which are fatty acids and cholesterol. ( )

lubricant

detergent （正确答案）

hormone

feces

66、“Peristalsis” is ( )

a type of indigestion

muscular actions of the digestive tract （正确选项）

a small organ which secretes enzymes

found in the esophageal sphincter

67、The liver contributes to digestion by ______. ( )

removing excess water and returning it to the bloodstream

secreting water, hydrochloric acid and pepsin through the bile duct

secreting bile into the small intestines through the bile duct、 （正确答案）

processing food nutrients

68、The appendix is attached to ________.( )

colon

cecum （√）

rectum

ileum

69、The colon that travels down the left of the abdomen is called ( )

ascending colon

transverse colon

descending colon （正确答案）

jejunum

70、Which of the following root means intestine ?( )

an/o

enter/o （正确答案）

abdomin/o

thorac/o

71、The formation of urine, like the creation of fecal matter, involves the removal of waste materials from the body. The main thing that is removed is _________which is produced by the liver during the breakdown of amino acids ( )

ammonia （正确选项）

urine

urea

electrolyte

72、Since ammonia cannot be removed from the body directly, it is converted into a substance called _____( )

ammonia

urine

urea （√）

electrolyte

73、Urea is formed in the body to eliminate the very toxic ammonia products that are formed in the _______from amino acids. ( )

heart

liver （正确选项）

intestines

stomach

74、The primary function of the kidney is to excrete nitrogenous waste products of metabolism while conserving nutrients and maintaining salt and water ____( )

homeostasis （正确选项）

convolution

osmosis

diffusion

75、once toxins are removed from the blood, they move farther into the _______ tract where they are combined with water to continue the formation of urine.( )

urethera

urinary （√）

respiratory

digestive

76、The root “-crete” as in excrete and secrete means ____ ( )

solute

dissolve

release or discharge （正确选项）

filtrate

77、The kidneys are the organs that filter the blood, remove the wastes, and __________ the wastes in the urine. ( )

secrete

excrete （正确选项）

absorb

dilute

78、All human beings depend on the process of ___________ for the removal of certain waste products in the body. ( )

urination （√）

secretion

filtration

reabsorption

79、The kidneys have three basic mechanisms for separatingthe various components of the blood, _________, reabsorption and secretion. ( )

infiltration

filtration （正确答案）

perforation

penetration

80、Urine formation begins with the process of filtration, which goes on continually in the ______. ( )

renal corpuscles （正确选项）

proximal convoluted tubules

distal convoluted tubules

collecting duct

81、_______ is a disease which causes the amount of sugar in the blood to rise far above the normal. ( )

Hypertension

Pneumonia

Diabetes mellitus （正确答案）

gastritis

82、Tubular secretion of H+ is important in maintain control of the pH of the blood、 When PH of the blood starts to drop, more ions are secreted. ( )

hydrogen （√）

oxygen

nitrogen

glucose

83、Which of the following term means surgical removal of the kidney?( )

nephroma

nephrotomy

nephrectomy （正确选项）

nephrosclerosis

84、Which of the following means inflammation of the gall bladder?( )

glomerulitis

cholecystitis （正确选项）

cystitis

gastritis

85、Which of the following means presence of blood in the urine?( )

proteinuria

polyuria

hematuria （√）

oliguria

86、An _________ gland curves over the top of each kidney. ( )

adrenal （正确答案）

pituitary

thyroid

parathyroid

87、The adrenal gland is located in the ______ cavity. ( )

thoracic

cranial

pelvic

abdominal （正确答案）

88、Each kidney contains approximately 1 million similar subunits called _____( )

glomerulus

nephrons （正确选项）

renal corpuscles

Bowman’s capsules

89、The segment of the tubule that drains Bowman’s capsule is the _____( )

distal convoluted tubule

collecting duct

proximal tubule （正确答案）

the loop of Henle

90、The word ________ has the same meaning with “urination”. ( )

secretion

deglutition

mastication

micturition （正确选项）

91、The _____ secretes the hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine. ( )

adrenal cortex

adrenal medulla （正确答案）

cerebral cortex

medulla oblongata

92、It is in the _____ that filtration occurs. ( )

renal corpuscle （正确答案）

collecting duct

tubule

nephron

93、Urea is formed in the body to eliminate the very toxic ammonia products that are formed in the _______ from amino acids. ( )

heart

liver （正确选项）

intestines

stomach

94、Secretion is the process by which substances move into distal and collecting tubules from blood in the _________ around these tubules. ( )

arteries

veins

capillaries （正确答案）

kidney

95、Reabsorption begins in the ______ ( )

proximal convoluted tubules （√）

the loop of Henle

distal convoluted tubules

collecting duct

96、An elderly personis moresusceptible to _____ if too much calcium is removed from the bones. ( )

spur

osteoporosis （正确答案）

ossification

magnesium deficiency

97、Which of the following glands is located in the abdominal cavity?( )

Pituitary gland

Adrenal gland （正确答案）

Thymus gland

Ovaries

98、The _____ forms the framework of the body, protects vital organs, and works with the muscular system to produce movement.( )

vertebrae

skeleton （正确选项）

pelvis

rib cage

99、The skull consists of eight ___________ bones and the 14 bones of the face.( )

abdominal

thoracic

pelvic

cranial （正确答案）

100、Red marrow in certain bones is capable of producing blood cells, a process called ______( )

hemolysis

homeostasis

hemostasis

hematopoiesis （√）

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